Tiny colonies of settlers sprung up across the state , carving chunks out the prairie into farms and towns as American Indians were displaced. And although there is some question whether Higley himself wrote this verse, which is part of the state song: The Red man was pressed from this part of the west, He's likely no more to return, To the banks of the Red River where seldom if ever Their flickering campfires burn. That verse, Murphey said, "shows nostalgic sadness at the disappearing of Native Americans at a time when the Indian Wars were still going on, revealing that settlers were not always at odds with their Native American neighbors, and that many pioneers felt fondness for some Indians." |
As Tanner points out the verse is different from the original.
And it seems to differ from Higley's thought.
Although the verse may not support Murphey's view clearly,
I agree his conclusions by some reasons.
Brewster Higley also might be one of such pioneers.
I would like to interpret the song as the thought of an idealist.
The strange phrase of the song Home on the Range is "Where the Deer and the Antelope play".
You know any antelope did not exist in the Americas(see wikipedia).
Therefor Higley had never seen the scene "the Deer and the Antelope play". *1
Antelope is alike deer.
He described that two similar animals played together.
What does this mean ?
Higley lived in the time when the white pioneers and the American Indians were in severe conflict.
I would like to think he hoped the amicable relationship of each other.
The deer would be the symbol of the American Indians,
and the antelope would be the symbol of the white pioneers coming here later.
"The Deer and the Antelope play" seems to mean the peaceful relations on good terms between them.
He seemed to express his hope for peace in the phrase "Where the Deer and the Antelope play".
"Where seldom is heard a discouraging word" follows that.
But there is not any connection with the former phrase.
What is the meaning of "discouraging word" ? *2
The mass slaughters were repeated for the vengeful thought by each other in the Indian War.
When he described "give me a home", it meant the peaceful home that was not yet realized.
And therefor he wished the peaceful home.
In the home such he dreamed, any vengeful thought or hate speaking would disappear.
"Discouraging word" might mean the word of vengeful thought, which discouraged the peace. *3
Higley described in the 3rd verse
"On the banks of the Beaver, where seldom if ever,
Any poisonous herbage doth grow".
The poisonous herbage seemed to suggest the war.
The poem was described in 1873 several years after the Battles of Beaver Creek in August 1867 and October 1868(see wikipedia).
The Beaver river is not so near from Smith country he lived.
It cannot be the true poisonous herbage that Higley described to grow on the banks of the Beaver.
He seemed to describe his hope not to occur the battle again in the phrase.
He described "If their glory exceed that of ours".
What is "glory of ours"?
One of the answers would be the success of settling.
The other answer would be the making peace between the white man and the red man.
No one can know the Higley's thought.
I would like to point out the possibility of the latter.
Whoes "home on the Range"?
I think:
the home was not only for him, but for both the white pioneers and the American Indians.
The home in his thought had to be peaceful paradise where they lived on good terms.
The slaughters do not match well with the bright nature there.
So he described the nature of the home as something bright.
Many American might feel this song as that of a pioneer's spirit.
I a Japanese appreciate this song as that for the hope of peace,
and I love this song.
*1 Tom Roush wrote: It is known that there are no true antelope in North America. However, the Pronghorn has been called an antelope since the first Europeans arrived.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ArgMK2kAjzw
discussion in Straight Dope Message Board
Even if the pronghorn lived in Kansas State, was there an inevitability to describe the deer and the antelope in pairs ?
*2 Russell K. Hickman wrote:
The words of the chorus “Where seldom is heard a discouraging word” – (in some versions “Where never is heard a discouraging word”) may have been inspired by Higley’s freedom from domestic discord, which possibly he achieved by his removal from Indiana to Kansas.
Russell K. Hickman,"The Historical Background of “Home on the Range”
http://www.dunelady.com/laporte/histories/Home_on_the_Range.html
*3 Russell K. Hickman wrote:
A Mr. Reese --who is one f the oldest pioneers in the section stated --that the occasion of their meeting was an indignation meeting against the Indians,
Russell K. Hickman,"The Historical Background of “Home on the Range”
http://www.dunelady.com/laporte/histories/Home_on_the_Range.html
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related:
A criticism on the translated versions of "Home on the Range" (in Japanese)
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